Presentation on the "law of the pendant". Law of the Pendant Presentation Troubleshooting Work
"The strength and potential of the electric field" - Lesson objectives: Hint. Why does a shark quickly detect a person in the water? Why does a shark quickly detect a person who has fallen into the water? Some practical examples of the application of the main characteristics of the electric field. Reiteration. Task.
"Electric charge of the body" - About the course of general physics BONUS. Questions and passing the exam only at the appointed time, i.e. Scheduled. Theoretical question and early passing of the exam 751 - 850 - two !! T.2. Electricity and magnetism. 1982-1991. Larionov V.V., Veretelnik V.I., Tyurin Yu.I., Chernov I.P. Physics workshop. OF FTI TPU.
"Potential field" - Any electrostatic field is potential. All points inside the conductor have the same potential (\u003d 0). On a closed path, the work of the electrostatic field is equal to 0. The value of the potential is considered relative to the selected zero level. Energy characteristics of the electrostatic field. DIFFERENCE OF POTENTIAL (or otherwise VOLTAGE).
"Electrification" - Why are small pieces of paper, small pieces of foil attracted to an electrified stick? The useful role of electrification. Some of the electrons from the rod are transferred to the paper. And then a metal ladder is brought closer to the plane. You are watching electrification. Generator. Electrification. Part A is charged positively, part B negatively.
"Electric field strength" - Electric strength. the field is directed towards decreasing the potential. Voltage characterizes the electric field generated by the current. Electric field strength. Then for the electric field strength from the relations. The unit of voltage measurement in the SI system: [U] \u003d 1 B 1 Volt is equal to the electric voltage in the section of the circuit, where when a charge equal to 1 C flows, work is performed equal to 1 J: 1 V \u003d 1 J / 1 C.
"Charge of the electric field" - In the second conductor, when the same charge moves, the electric field does work 40 J. Coulomb's law. Negative. There are two kinds of electric charges, conventionally called positive and negative. q1 + q2 + q3 + ... + qn \u003d const. The charge of the first is + q, and the charge of the second is 0 + q + 2q - q.
There are 9 presentations in total
Halo in winter. Light, or solar, pillar. View of the observed halo. Get familiar with the phenomenon. Halo. The halo usually appears around the sun. Light phenomenon. Study method. The mystical meaning of the signs. Contribution to the study and systematization of the halo. Russian folk signs. Halo is a physical phenomenon. Four suns shone over the Russian land. Determine the nature of the phenomenon.
"Exposure to ultrasound" - Not perceived by the human ear. Ultrasonic waves affect the solubility of a substance and, in general, the course of chemical reactions. Oscillation frequency Less than 20 Hz. Ultrasonic waves can form strictly directed beams. Ultrasound. With the help of ultrasound, distances are determined, food is found and enemies are detected. Plankton. Ultrasound has an effect on humans. Spasmolytic action. Influence of infrasound on the human body.
"The wording of Ohm's Law" - Ohm's Law. Resistance. Resistivity. Calculation of the resistance of the conductor. Electrical resistance. Units. Conductor resistance formula. Formula and formulation of Ohm's law. Ohm's law for a section of a chain. Consider an electrical circuit. Formulas. Ohm's law for a complete circuit. Triangle of formulas. Conductor resistivity. Volt. Conductor resistance. Wire.
"High air humidity" - Specialists in the field of ecology and human health. Air humidity. Damage to air humidity. Absolute air humidity. The harm of high humidity. Means for eliminating harm to air humidity. Relative humidity. Humidity of air for humans. The harm of air humidity for mechanisms, machines. The benefits of air humidity. Heat transfer is drastically reduced.
"Types of heat engines" - The three main parts of a heat engine. It transfers the amount of heat Q1 to the working fluid. A heat engine is a device that converts the internal energy of the fuel into mechanical energy. One end of the barrel was very hot over the fire. Who invented and when? How are heat engines arranged? The steam, expanding, threw out the core with a force and a crash. Heat engines. From 1775 to 1785 - 56 steam engines were built by the Watt firm.
"Boiling process" - Formula. Boiling in everyday life and industry. Boiling process. Specific heat of vaporization. Is it possible to make water boil without heating. Q \u003d Lm. Heating and boiling processes. Gases and solids. How the boiling process takes place. The boiling point of the liquid. Application. Substance. Cooking food. Solve the problems. Definition. Pressure. Boiling temperature. Boiling. Similarities and Differences. Liquid temperature.
Charles Augustin Pendant
1736 - 1806
Childhood, years of study
Charles Augustin Coulomb was born on June 14, 1736 in the French city of Angoulême. His father, a government official, soon after the birth of Charles, moved with his family to Paris, where for a time he held a lucrative position in tax collection.
However, he soon went bankrupt and returned to his homeland, to the south of France, to Montpellier. Charles and his mother stayed in Paris. In the late 1740s, his
placed in one of the best schools of that time - "College of the Four Nations", also known as the College of Mazarin.
Childhood, years of study
The level of teaching at the college was quite high, and a lot of attention was paid to mathematics. Young Charles was so carried away by the exact sciences that he resolutely opposed the intentions of his mother to choose for him the profession of a doctor, or, in extreme cases, a lawyer. This made the conflict so serious
that Charles left Paris and moved to his father in Montpellier.
Military engineer
A scientific society was founded in Montpellier in 1706, the second after the capital's academy. In February 1757, 21-year-old Coulomb read there his first scientific work "Geometric Outline of Mean Proportional Curves" and was soon elected an adjunct in mathematics.
But this brought only moral satisfaction, it was necessary to choose a further path. After consulting with his father, Charles chose the career of a military engineer. After
passing exams (rather difficult, so that preparation for them required nine months of classes with a teacher) Charles Coulomb went to Mezieres, to the Military Engineering School, one of the best higher technical educational institutions of the time.
Military engineer
Education at the School was conducted with a practical bias: in addition to mathematics and physics, many applied disciplines were also studied - from construction to issues of labor organization
(listeners were entrusted with the leadership of teams of peasants mobilized for public works). Pendant graduated from the School in 1761. Although the opinion of the head of the School about him looks in places not enthusiastic ("His work on the siege is worse than average, the drawings are very poorly done, with erasures and notes ... He believes that wood for gun carriages and carts can simply be found in the forest ..." ), Charles Coulomb was one of the best graduates.
First 10 years of service
After receiving the rank of lieutenant, Charles Coulomb was sent to Brest, one of the major ports on the west coast of France. In Brest Kulon was entrusted with cartographic work related to the construction and reconstruction of fortifications on the coast. Less than two years later to the Pendant
i had to urgently turn on
in work on the construction of a fortress on the island of Martinique in the West Indies to protect it from the British.
First 10 years of service
Pendant, under whose command almost 1,500 people worked, faced many very difficult tasks. The working conditions were difficult, the climate was very difficult, there were not enough people, and even those who
stayed, were seriously ill. Coulomb himself was seriously ill eight times during eight years of work on the island and subsequently returned to France with severe health problems. The great experience he gained came at a high price.
After returning home
Returning to France, Coulomb was assigned to Buschen in 1772. Working conditions here were much easier, and there was an opportunity to continue scientific activities again.
In 1775, the Paris Academy of Sciences announced a competitive problem: “Finding the best method for making magnetic arrows, hanging them and checking the coincidence of their direction with
the direction of the magnetic meridian ". Coulomb was carried away by the problem of the best compass and magnetic needle suspension. And in 1777, Charles Coulomb became the winner of a competition dedicated to the development of an instrument for studying the Earth's magnetic field, and immediately plunged into another major work: the study of friction.
In Paris
In 1781, Coulomb's long-standing wish came true: he was transferred to Paris, where on December 12, 1781 Charles Augustin was elected to the academician in the class of mechanics.
In the capital, Charles Coulomb was attacked almost immediately by a multitude of cases, including administrative ones. Some of them had both political overtones and one of them even
ended for Coulomb with a week's imprisonment in the abbey of Saint-Germain des Prés.
However, despite the lack of time, Coulomb continues to engage in scientific activities. He formulated the laws of torsion; invented a torsion balance, which he himself used to measure electrical and magnetic forces of interaction.
Coulomb's law
In 1784, Charles Coulomb presented his work to the academy, a memoir on the twisting of thin metal threads, and in 1785-1789, seven memoirs on electricity and magnetism, where he was formulated
the law of interaction of electric charges and magnetic poles, later called Coulomb's law.
The experimental substantiation of Coulomb's law is the content of the first and second memoirs. There, the scientist formulates the fundamental law of electricity: “The repulsive force of two small balls electrified
electricity of the same nature, is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the centers of the balls. "
Personal life
When exactly Pendant became a family man is unclear. It is only known that the wife of the scientist Louise Françoise, nee Desormo, was much younger than him. Their marriage was officially registered only in 1802, although the first son of Coulomb, named after his father Charles Oposten, was born in 1790. The second son, Henri Louis, was born in 1797.
By the end of 1793, the political situation in Paris became even more aggravated.
Therefore, Charles Coulomb decided to move further from Paris. He and his family move to his estate near Blois. Here the scientist spends almost a year and a half, fleeing political storms.
Last years
Charles Coulomb devoted the last years of his life to the organization of a new education system in France. Traveling around the country finally undermined health
scientist. In the summer of 1806, he fell ill with a fever, which his body could no longer cope with. Pendant died in Paris on August 23, 1806.
Charles Coulomb left a rather significant inheritance to his wife and sons. In respect to
in memory of Coulomb, both of his sons were assigned to the state account in privileged educational institutions.
CLASS 10 PHYSICS LESSON
- Electrification. Coulomb's law
- Teacher Kononov Gennady Grigorievich
- Secondary school number 580 Primorsky district St. Petersburg
- Atom structure
- Electrifying bodies
- Charge conservation law
- Coulomb's law
- Independent work (6min)
- 1. Light, radio waves, television
- 2. Retains atoms and molecules
- 3. Forces of elasticity and friction
- 4. Chemical reactions
- 5. Electric motors
- 1. When electrifying both bodies are chargedthe participating
- 2. Electrification Is the process of receiving charges by bodies during interaction (friction, impact, touch, irradiation)
- 3. Electrification degreecharacterized by the sign and magnitude of the electric charge
STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM
- In the center of the atom there is a positively charged nucleus around which electrons revolve
- The charge of the protons in the nucleus is equal to the charge of the electrons revolving around the nucleus, therefore the atoms are neutral.
- An atom is capable of losing electrons (positive ion), or attaching excess electrons (negative ion)
- There are two kinds of electric charges, conventionally called positive and negative.
- Charges can be transferred from one body to another. ( Unlike body weight, electric charge is not an integral characteristic of a given body. One and the same body under different conditions can have a different charge).
- Like charges repel, unlike charges attract. ( This also reveals the fundamental difference between electromagnetic forces and gravitational ones. Gravitational forces are always gravitational forces).
- In an isolated system, the algebraic sum of the charges of all bodies remains constant: q1 + q2 + q3 + ... +qn \u003d const. Applications:
- Nuclear reactions
- Dissociation reaction
- Two identical balls with charges 3e and - 7e were brought into contact and spread apart. What is the charge on the balls?
- Given: Solution Q1 \u003d 3e Q1 + Q2 \u003d q1 + q2 q1 \u003d q2 Q2 \u003d - 7e q1 \u003d (Q1 + Q2): 2 q1, q2 -? q1 \u003d q2 \u003d (3e - 7e): 2 \u003d - 2e
F - force of interaction (N)
k \u003d 9 10 - coefficient
q1, q2 - charges of bodies (C)
ε - dielectric
medium permeability
r - distance between
charges (m)
1 THE LAW OF PENDANT
- The interaction forces of stationary charges are directly proportional to the product of charge modules and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them
- Forces of interaction obey to the third Newton's law: F1 \u003d - F2 They are repulsive forces with the same charge signs and attractive forces with different signs
- Given: C Solution q1 \u003d 10nC 10 10 C q2 \u003d 15 nC 15 10 C r \u003d 5 cm 0.05 m F -? Answer: 0.54mN
OBJECTIVE 3 INDEPENDENT WORK
- 1. Write last name and variant
- 2. There are 6 questions and 4 answers each 3. Only one correct answer
- 4. For prompting and for using someone else's answer, the score decreases
- 5. Each question is given 1 minute (60s)
- 6. Slides change automatically.
- 1. The time allotted for the work has expired.
- 2. Check for the last name and variant number
- 3. Submitted their work
- 4. Thank you for your work
- 5. We will analyze the correct answers on next lesson
- §85 - 88
- Learn formulas and definitions
Pendant's law
Charles Augustin de Coulomb
A point charge is understood as a charged body, the size of which is much less than the distance of its possible impact on other bodies. In this case, neither the shape nor the size of the charged bodies practically affect the interaction between them. Coulomb's law was first experimentally proven around 1773 by Cavendish, who used a spherical capacitor for this. He showed that there is no electric field inside a charged sphere. This meant that the strength of the electrostatic interaction changed in inverse proportion to the square of the distance, but Cavendish's results were not published. In 1785 the law was established by Sh. O. Coulomb with the help of a special torsion balance. Coulomb's experiments made it possible to establish a law strikingly reminiscent of the law of universal gravitation. The force of interaction of two point immobile charged bodies in a vacuum is directly proportional to the product of the charge modules and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. The force of interaction between charges also depends on the medium between charged bodies. In air, the force of interaction is almost the same as in vacuum. Coulomb's law expresses the interaction of charges in a vacuum.
A pendant is a unit of electrical charge. Pendant (Cl) is the SI unit of the amount of electricity (electrical charge). It is a derived unit and is defined through the unit of current strength - 1 ampere (A), which is one of the basic SI units. A unit of electric charge is taken to be the charge passing through the cross-section of the conductor at a current of 1 A per 1 s. That is, 1 Cl \u003d 1 A · s. The charge of 1 C is very high. The force of interaction of two point charges of 1 C each, located at a distance of 1 km from each other, is slightly less than the force with which the earth attracts a load of 1 t. It is impossible to convey such a charge to a small body (repelling each other, charged particles cannot hold in body). But in a conductor (which is generally electrically neutral), it is easy to set such a charge in motion (a current of 1 A is quite a normal current flowing through wires in our apartments). The coefficient k in Coulomb's law when written in SI is expressed in N · m2 / Cl2. Its numerical value, determined experimentally by the force of interaction of two known charges located at a given distance, is: k \u003d 9 109 N m2 / Cl2.
Coulomb's law is valid for point charged bodies. In practice, Coulomb's law is well satisfied if the dimensions of the charged bodies are much less than the distance between them. The proportionality coefficient k in Coulomb's law depends on the choice of the system of units. In the International SI system, the coulomb (C) is taken as a unit of charge. \\ large k \u003d \\ frac (1) (4 \\ pi \\ varepsilon _0) Note that in order for Coulomb's law to be fulfilled, 3 conditions are necessary: 1 condition: Point-like charges - that is, the distance between charged bodies is much larger than their size Condition 2: Immobility of charges. Otherwise, additional effects come into force: the magnetic field of a moving charge and the corresponding additional Lorentz force acting on another moving charge 3 condition: Interaction of charges in vacuum
