Buldakov, mikhail matveevich. Buldakov, Mikhail Matveevich Excerpt characterizing Buldakov, Mikhail Grigorievich

Mikhail Matveevich Kheraskov Monkey among the nobles With half a pound accumulating a little mind, The Monkey became Reasonable And began to lie strongly; And with this, being proud, and tear up the muzzle. But for a deaf person, the speech seemed to be clever for such an orator, Orator

M. Buldakov WHERE IS THE MONEY FROM? (INFORMATION WAR)

M. Buldakov WHERE IS THE MONEY FROM? (INFORMATION WAR) The program "Man and the Law" (ORT) began shortly before the New Year to find out where and how much money came from for the October Revolution of 1917. You might think it's about money! Kerensky had no less of them, during

Ustyuzhanin Mikhail Matveyevich Buldakov was at one time famous not only in the city of Ustyug, but also far beyond its borders. For 29 consecutive years, he held the post of the leading (chief) director of the Russian-American company, took an active part in organizing a number of round-the-world voyages that glorified the Russian fleet in the first quarter of the 19th century, participated in many works related to the development of Alaska. As a patriot of his native city, the court councilor Buldakov did a lot for its development and prosperity, and until the last days of his life, he cherished the idea of \u200b\u200bmaking Veliky Ustyug one of the best cities in the North of the European part of Russia. It is not surprising that a number of historical sites in the city are associated with it.

The golden time for Ustyug was XVI-XVII centuries. Then the city conducted extensive trade with Siberia, since the route from Moscow to Siberia passed through Vologda, Totma, Ustyug, Solvychegodsk, and then along the Vychegda river with access to the Kama, then by portages to the Siberian regions. By the number of artisans, as well as by the mass nature of the products produced, which were of great importance for the development of the city's economy, the blacksmith's craft occupied the leading place. Ustyug blacksmiths specialized in the manufacture of various types of products: sickles, braids, household items, but they were more engaged in the production of nails for shipbuilding and carpentry, developed both in the city and in the surrounding villages. The blacksmiths were especially famous for the manufacture of locks, the distribution of which was more extensive in comparison with other goods of Ustyug origin. Most of them went to the East, to Siberia.

In the hundredth book of 1630, we find mentions of the surname of the Buldakovs blacksmiths who lived in different parts of the city, Grishka and Kuzemka Ankudin's sons, who lived on the left side of Rozhdestvenskaya Street, which ran from the Sukhona River near the Nativity Church in the direction of Vzdyhchatnaya Street, which was once located on the site modern Soviet Avenue. It should be noted that the founder of the Buldakov family, Timofey, who lived in the 17th century, was a serviceman of the Yakutsk prison, traveled across the Arctic Ocean. In formal replies, sometimes, instead of a surname, he is mentioned under the nickname "blacksmith", that is, it can be assumed that before he appeared in Yakutsk, he was engaged in blacksmithing.

At the beginning of the 18th century, on the site of the present building of the local administration (more precisely, on the site of the three-story part of the building) there was a one-story wooden house built by a blacksmith Andrey Andreyevich Buldakov, who had his own smithy and worked in a “partnership” with others. The successful sale of products made Andrey Buldakov a very wealthy person. The son, Matvey Andreevich, who married the daughter of a wealthy Ustyug merchant Ivan Ignatievich Khromtsov, Natalya, had a chance to develop and multiply his father's business. Having received a large dowry and combining it with his own capital, he was able to transfer to the merchant class and become a merchant of the first guild. The family of Matvey Andreevich had three sons: Peter, Andrey and Mikhail. The first two were engaged in trade, but not very successfully, and, in the end, became philistines. The life of the youngest son Mikhail turned out differently.

Mikhail Matveyevich Buldakov was born on September 4, 1768 and, as usual at that time, did not receive a formal education. He studied literacy only at home. Unlike his brothers, he stood out for his great abilities, both for study and for commercial activity, which was noticed by his father, who saw in him a worthy successor of his work.

To improve his trading business, Mikhail was sent to Siberia, Irkutsk and Kyakhta. Here he worked for local merchants, but soon attracted the attention of the famous sailor Grigory Ivanovich Shelikhov and, at his invitation, went to work for the company of Shelikhov-Golikov, Kursk merchants. He showed remarkable talent in commercial matters and earned special attention from the Shelikhov family. The sudden death of GI Shelikhov made significant changes in Buldakov's life.

The management of the company passed to Shelikhov's wife Natalya Alekseevna, the granddaughter of a wealthy Irkutsk merchant Nikifor Akinfievich Trapeznikov, a native of the Northern Dvina, from the village of the Ulyanovsk Rakul volost of the Ustyug district. A strong-willed woman who shared his numerous travels with her husband, she relied on the help of people who worked with Grigory Ivanovich, as well as on the support of her son-in-law, husband of Anna's eldest daughter Nikolai Petrovich Rezanov, a brilliantly educated man, a nobleman who served as the chief secretary of the Senate, who held the post correspondent of a trading company and had access to the yard. Management was successful. However, a number of merchants, headed by the Ustyuzhanin Mylnikov, disapproved of N. A. Shelikhova and strove with all their might to undermine her activities. Knowing about the abilities of Mikhail Buldakov, the enterprising Natalya Alekseevna marries her daughter, fifteen-year-old beauty Evdokia. Buldakov took all measures to manage the company and connect it with other companies of Irkutsk merchants. The struggle, however, continued and intensified to such an extent that the Irkutsk merchants created a situation by virtue of which N. Shelikhova and M. Buldakov were removed from participation in management. To immediately change the situation, Natalya Alekseevna had to turn to NP Rezanov for help. The result was the merger of trading companies into one and the conclusion of the corresponding agreement. At the same time, on November 10, 1797, N. A. Shelikhova received the title of nobility for her husband's merits in the development of North America. After the conclusion of the contract, Buldakov, together with his wife and N. A. Shelikhova, went from Irkutsk to St. Petersburg to approve such an important document. On the way, they made a stop in Veliky Ustyug, where in February the Buldakovs had a son, Nikolai, about whom will be discussed separately.

Medal in honor of the first Russian circumnavigation of the world 1803-1806
on the ships "Nadezhda" and "Neva"

An interesting episode: Natalya Alekseevna, being a religious person, but from an Old Believer family, either as a sign of the birth of a grandson, or as an advancement for success in future efforts, makes a gift to the Christ-Nativity Church of Ustyug to decorate one of the icons of ancient writing. impressive value. The archival document contains an entry: “Among the icons, the following are distinguished by their antiquity and richness of decoration: the local image of the Nativity of the Mother of God, a forged silver, gilded riza on it, weighing 23 pounds, 4 spool valves, a crown on the Sabaoth, radiance. Holy Spirit, inscription four columns, ten crowns and one saucer decorated with rhinestones. This icon was decorated by Natalia Alekseevna Shelikhova in 1798, 19,290 rubles in bank notes were used to decorate it. The Christ-Nativity Church was the family parish of the Buldakov family, who generously donated funds for its decoration. This is what the Vologda Diocesan Gazette says about this church: “It belongs to the number of ancient churches in the city of Ustyug. No information has been found about its initial construction, but at the beginning of the 15th century it existed. The pre-altar carpentry iconostasis, all gilded with carvings and cornices. The Royal Doors are checkered, gilded, decorated with carvings and five hallmarks ... There are five local images, on the pedestals between which there are sights: on the right hand of the Royal Doors, the image of the Almighty is excellent pillar writing, decorated with a gilded silver robe, weighing 18 pounds, 26 spools of 84 assay value. At this riza, the miter and scepter are ebb, the cross of the scepter is decorated with green stones and rhinestones, the enamel panagia with a ringed chain is decorated with rhinestones, the inscription: "King is king, Lord is Lord," is pasted on blue glass. (The icon is decorated by M.M.Buldakov in 1798.-N.K.) On the left side of the Royal Doors: the image of the Kazan Mother of God of the best pillar writing in an icon case behind glass, the light, the robe and the crowns on it are silver, gilded, of excellent work - weighing 7 pounds, 35 spools in crowns and stars on the riza, 1319 diamonds are placed in the most skillful settings, in which the weight is one hundred carats; pearls in the riza 23 spools. The settings are set with oriental crystals. This icon was donated in 1818 by the court councilor and cavalier Mikhail Matveyevich Buldakov and was then valued from 25 to 30 thousand rubles in banknotes ”1.

Christ-Christmas Church

After a while, M. Buldakov and his mother-in-law went to St. Petersburg, where, with the direct and active participation of N.P. Rezanov, they did a great job of strengthening the United Company. In August 1798, the act of joining the companies under the name of the North American Company was approved, and soon it was renamed the Russian-American Company. The company was founded to develop the territory of Russian America and the Kuril Islands. She was granted monopoly use of all the crafts and minerals located in these territories, as well as the right to organize expeditions, occupy newly discovered lands and trade with neighboring countries. Four directors were appointed to manage the company's affairs, while at the request of N. A. Shelikhova, M. M. Buldakov was appointed to the position of the leading (chief) director.

Returning to Irkutsk, M. Buldakov lives in the Shelikhovs' house. Now he becomes not only a companion, but in fact one of the main rulers, shows great initiative in the organizational issues of the development of Russian America. Recall that in Alaska the company has created a number of large settlements, built shipyards, workshops and much more. Research work was carried out, arable farming, horticulture and cattle breeding were carried out. Constant attention was paid to improving the culture and education of the population. The company carried out missionary activities, that is, it introduced people of indigenous nationality to the Christian faith.

In 1786, by the highest order, the Veliky Ustyug diocese was abolished and included in the Vologda Veliky Ustyug diocese. The rich sacristy of the Assumption Cathedral and the property of the bishop's house were sent to the Vologda bishop's house and partly to the Mikhailo-Arkhangelsk monastery. MM Buldakov knew about the liquidation of the Ustyug diocese, and it is possible that it was he who suggested to the Synod to send some of the property of the Assumption Cathedral in the city of Great Ustyug to the Kodiak diocese, which is re-opening in Alaska. The order to send the church property was followed immediately. The valuables were transported to Okhotsk, loaded onto the Phoenix ship, but they failed to reach their destination. In 1799, the ship sank off the coast of Kodiak. Together with the accompanying property, Bishop Iosaph, 88 people drowned on the ship, a cargo of 500 thousand rubles perished at the prices of that time.

Excluding this tragic event, 1799 for the Russian-American company was marked by many large and interesting events, and Buldakov in March 1800 received the title of Commerce Advisor. In the same 1800, the board of the company was transferred from Irkutsk to St. Petersburg, where Buldakov and his family also moved, accommodating in a large house on Millionnaya Street, bought for him by NP Rezanov. The house was old, still from the Petrovsky building, but after the renovation it looked good. The Buldakovs occupied the second floor, and an office was located on the first floor. A few years later, a Russian-American company bought a rich house at 72 Moika, near the Blue Bridge, which belonged to Count Vorontsov. It housed the board, the apartments of the directors and some employees, including KF Ryleev. With his arrival in the capital, Buldakov continues to actively manage the company, takes care of increasing profits, while linking all actions and decisions with the interests of Russia. This did not go unnoticed, and in April 1802 he received the rank of collegiate assessor.

The duties of the senior director of the company included the implementation of contacts and the provision of Russian settlements in North America. That is why Buldakov takes an active personal part in equipping and sending the first round-the-world expedition under the command of IF Kruzenshtern2 and Yu. F. Lisyansky3 on the ships "Nadezhda" and "Neva". The preparation of the expedition brought Buldakov closer to prominent state dignitaries. Alexander I, noticing his business qualities, highly appreciated the role of M.M.Buldakov in managing the company's affairs. Sometimes the king, in the presence of noble dignitaries, approached him, addressed him by name and patronymic, and kindly greeted him. There were cases when the tsar entrusted Buldakov with trade affairs with foreigners, bypassing high-ranking officials.

Equipping the expedition, Mikhail Matveyevich relies on reliable, trusted people, including fellow countrymen, among whom Dmitry Polutov and Nikolai Korobitsyn are better known. At Buldakov's suggestion, Nikolai Ivanovich Korobitsyn was in charge of all the cargo on the Neva ship and, in addition, kept detailed notes (diary) of the trip.

I.F.Kruzenshtern and N.P. Rezanov, who headed the diplomatic mission, were appointed heads of the expedition. Readers will be interested to get acquainted with some facts of the biography of N. Rezanov, chief prosecutor of the Senate and gentleman, an extraordinary man of the most interesting fate.

Nikolai Petrovich Rezanov was born in 1764 in St. Petersburg, in his house, at the corner of Liteiny Prospekt and Panteleevskaya Street (Pestel), where the famous Muruzi house is now located. He received a good education, served in the artillery, and in the 1780s switched to civil service, was the manager of the office of G.R.Derzhavin, carrying out special assignments for Catherine P. This is a prominent statesman, diplomat, scientist, traveler. In 1790, in Siberia, he met the famous seafarer, merchant G.I.Shelikhov, and soon, as we have already mentioned, he married his eldest daughter Anna. He was privy to plans to create a Russian-American company and, as a relative of Shelikhov, later became one of its active founders and owners. He played a prominent role in the transfer of the company's management from Irkutsk to St. Petersburg, creating more favorable conditions for its development and prosperity.

NP Rezanov paid great attention to organizing an expedition to Alaska and Japan in order to establish diplomatic and trade relations. For this, two merchant ships were bought in England, renamed "Nadezhda" and "Neva". In 1802, N.P. Rezanov suffered a great misfortune - after the birth of his daughter Olga on the 12th day, his wife Anna Grigorievna died, which greatly shocked Nikolai Petrovich. And who knows, perhaps this circumstance was the reason for making a decision - to go on a very risky round-the-world voyage for that time, having accepted M. Buldakov's proposal. It was difficult to count on a successful outcome of the expedition and a safe return. There is an interesting archival document - a note to the poet II Dmitriev, in which Rezanov wrote: “Farewell, dear friend, be healthy and prosperous: when my children grow up and you meet with them, tell them what you know about their father and mother, help with your advice so that they are good people and faithful sons of the Fatherland, for which their father donated them.

Unfortunately, this premonition came true.

On May 29, 1804, the ships "Nadezhda" and "Neva" parted courses. "Nadezhda" headed to the shores of Kamchatka, and from there with the embassy to Japan. N. Rezanov headed the Russian diplomatic mission to Japan. After fruitless negotiations in Nagasaki, he returned on the same ship to Petropavlovsk-on-Kamchatka, and in the summer of 1805 on the brig "St. Mary Magdalene "left for Alaska to Novoarkhangelsk. The ship "Nadezhda" headed back, connected with the "Neva" to continue the joint voyage without Rezanov.

Nikolai Petrovich arrived in Alaska in the possession of the Russian-American company. Most of all, he was struck by the plight of the industrial settlers, especially the lack of food. Seeing no other way out, he considers it necessary to immediately leave for the San Francisco area.

In California, he became close to the governor's family, sincerely fell in love and proposed to his daughter, fifteen-year-old beauty Conchita. Naturally, great obstacles arose from both parents and the church. However, his offer was accepted, and the engagement took place. Relationships with the local Spaniards had a certain positive effect on the purchase of goods. Having sent a large amount of food to Alaska, which saved the industrialists from hunger, N. Rezanov went to Petropavlovsk-on-Kamchatka, and then through Siberia to St. Petersburg. He was in a hurry to resolve the issues of settling the northern regions of California, as well as to obtain consent from the authorities for marriage with Conchita. On the way, Rezanov caught a cold; on March 1, 1807, he died in Krasnoyarsk, where he was buried.

Conchita waited for her fiancé for many years, and upon learning of his death, she went to a monastery, where she lived until the end of her life. The story of the tragic love of the Russian diplomat N. Rezanov and the daughter of the Governor of California, Conchita, is widely covered in literature.

The works of Nikolai Petrovich Rezanov, unfortunately, have not yet been published, and his diary has not been published either - all this is stored in the archive of the Academy of Sciences, of which he was an honorary member. And if in our country only geographers and travelers, researchers of the Far East and America know about Rezanov, then in the West his name is well known, especially in America, where several major works have been written and published about him.

Such is the fate of one of the founders of the Russian-American Company, about whom the US Admiral Van Dere wrote in 1960: “N. P. Rezanov was a man of great perspicacity, who knows, if not for his accidental death, then, perhaps, now California would not be American, but Russian ”.

But let's continue our story about Mikhail Buldakov. After a safe return to his homeland in August 1806, having completed the task of a round-the-world expedition, he was awarded the Order of St. Vladimir of the 4th degree. Then MM Buldakov takes part in the organization and equipment of a number of round-the-world voyages: on the ship "Neva" in October 1806, under the command of Gegemeister, on the military sloop "Diana" in 1807-1811 under the command of V.M. Golovnin, on the ship "Suvorov" in 1813-1816 under the command of MP Lazarev, on the ship "Borodino" in 1819 and on the ship "Kutuzov" in 1820. At the same time, it should be noted that Buldakov is actively promoting the settlement of relations between the company and the government, which later began to conduct business far from favoring the merchants, who from the very beginning occupied the main place in management. This became especially noticeable after the death of N.P. Rezanov, when the company lost the patronage and help of such an influential person. In management every year there was a decrease in the merchant stratum. Already in the 1820s, representatives of the bureaucracy and admirals appeared, which allowed the government to fully exercise control over commercial activities, and later almost disregard the opinion of the main board. But even before that, with the transfer of the company in December 1811 to the direct subordination of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the latter assumed control over all financial activities and exerted a noticeable influence on all affairs. In addition, the government secretly from the company began to implement various contracts caused by competition with British and American entrepreneurs seeking to take over the local market. In the end, this led to the sale in 1867 of the lands of North America - Alaska.

The change in the position of the Russian-American company since 1810 worried Buldakov and greatly affected his health. Trouble in the family was added to everything: in 1810, the mother-in-law, Natalya Alekseevna Shelikhova, who lived in the Buldakov family, but for not quite clear reasons ended up in Moscow at that moment, died unexpectedly. There she was buried in the cemetery of the Donskoy Monastery. Regarding the death of N. A. Shelikhova, there are only various not documented proven assumptions. However, it should be clarified that Buldakov and his mother-in-law were always on friendly terms.

In 1817 his wife and friend Evdokia Grigorievna died.

The adventure of Dr. Georg Schaeffer, who was sent to the islands by A. Baranov in 1815 to establish trade relations, but who arbitrarily tried to organize Russian settlements and trading posts there, does not pass without a trace. Because of this, a conflict arose, which brought the company 200 thousand rubles of loss.

Mikhail Matveyevich's health deteriorates sharply, especially since 1819 after partial paralysis. This makes him often leave Petersburg to rest on his estate in Veliky Ustyug and live there for several months. Occupying a high position in society, he never forgot about his hometown, loved it very much and showed concern for its development and prosperity. Now it is known for certain what difficulties arose in connection with the development and approval of the city development plan. The issue of drawing up a new plan to replace the one once approved by Catherine II was hampered from year to year and did not receive proper permission. When Paul I entered the reign, this situation changed somewhat, but did not receive a final decision. Only in October 1802, the Ustyug head Ivan Osipovich Buldakov, a relative of Mikhail Matveyevich, on behalf of the townspeople again asked for the approval of the city plan. M. Buldakov joined the promotion of a positive solution to the issue, who wrote to the mayor: “... today I had the honor to be with the Minister of Internal Affairs ... from whom I was notified ... of your request for a plan for the city of Ustyug as follows: to instruct the Vologda governor, so that he can talk to the Ustyug city mayor, whether the society agrees with the presented plan and whether it is made at the request of the society; when the society responds that it was done according to their desire, then bring it up for approval. " To this letter, the mayor IO Buldakov replied: "Now a new plan has been invented for the city, which is consistent with all the desires of society." This last plan was forwarded to Buldakov by the mayor with a request to present it where it should be, and a proper power of attorney was issued to submit the plan. The final decision on the Ustyug plan was followed only in August 1804 (in general, the troubles lasted 20 years and only then were they crowned with success). In the Veliky Ustyug Chronicle of Titov under 1804 it is written: "This year a new plan drawn up for the city of Ustyug ... was approved, and the merchant Mikhail Matveyevich Buldakov was busy and cared for."

It is known that after the approval of the plan in 1804, the construction of stone houses began in the city. MM Buldakov was one of the first to receive a land plot. On November 3, he was allotted a plot of land in the size of two blocks, designated on the plan for Nos. 5 and 13, which were at that time on the very outskirts of the city. Initially, Buldakov intended to build a house in block 13, facing Uspenskaya Street, now Sovetsky Prospect. But, apparently, on the advice of an architect invited from St. Petersburg, perhaps one of his relatives, he built a house on the embankment of the Sukhona River.

Along with this, there is another assumption regarding the construction of the house. The painting by the artist Berezin, dated 1795, depicts a two-story mansion just on the spot where the Buldakovs' house was built. In one of the articles, local historian E.V. Kukanova wrote that Buldakov, after his marriage, rebuilt his house on the embankment, but there are no supporting documents. On the other hand, E. Kukanova could not give this argument without reason. Perhaps the artist's painting is not dated accurately? But, be that as it may, according to archival documents, the estate was rebuilt from scratch. It became a place for recreation, and later - the permanent residence of the Buldakov family.

During his summer visits to Veliky Ustyug, MM Buldakov spent most of his time in his estate, since everything here was conducive to rest, it was comfortable and comfortable. The garden with ponds and gazebos, linden alleys and silence had a beneficial effect on health and allowed at least for a while to disconnect from worries about company affairs. The house had a rich library, Mikhail Matveyevich read a lot, and also enjoyed admiring the art of his wife, who was fond of embroidery. Evdokia Grigorievna was a craftswoman of facial sewing. In the summer of 1804, she completed one of her works - "The Old Testament Trinity" and presented it to the Ustyug Christ-Nativity Church. This embroidered icon, 53 × 51 cm in size, is made of white silk fabric, linen canvas, here spun and woven gold and silver, multicolored silk threads, chenille, beaten smooth and chased, gimp, trucial. Fortunately, this work has survived to this day and is located in the Vologda State Historical-Architectural and Art Museum-Reserve.

Mikhail Buldakov, as already mentioned, was a great patriot of his native city. So, he transferred a large amount of money to organize a city pharmacy, and in 1824 transferred to the city a large part of the estate, located in block 13, between the present Sovetsky Prospekt, Krasnaya, Vinogradov and Pushkin streets for the organization of a public garden. In his address to the mayor of Klimshin, he wrote: “My dear sir, Vasily Andreevich! For a long time I had the intention to give up my garden, which occupies the whole 13th quarter, to the most respectable society of our native city. Having arranged it to the best of my ability and strength for ten years, now it is my duty to fulfill my desire to ask you, esteemed Vasily Andreevich, to take it into public ownership forever, as a sign of my devotion and love for fellow citizens.

With complete respect and full devotion, I have the honor to be, my dear sir, your humble servant Mikhail Buldakov. April 21 days 1824 ".

Naturally, the gift was accepted, but this required a number of changes in the layout and additional material costs, a significant part of which was paid by the Buldakov family. Thus, a public garden appeared in the city, which had no equal in the entire Vologda province.

By 1827, Mikhail Matveyevich's health deteriorated, and he asked to be fired, but the company's management, valuing his knowledge and authority, asks not to leave the service and, even during a temporary stay in St. Petersburg, give necessary and necessary advice. However, already completely ill, on March 1, 1827 he was dismissed from the Management of the company with the appointment of a pension in the amount of 1,000 rubles per annum.

Since that time, M. Buldakov with two unmarried daughters left for his hometown. With the arrival of the owner, the house revived. In the evenings, bright lights were constantly burning in all 15 windows of the second floor, facing the embankment. All four rooms on the second floor were the host's favorite places. The mezzanine was lit more modestly, in which four of the eight rooms were occupied, where the daughters lived.

Three years have passed and everything has changed. On April 28, 1830, at the age of 64, M.M. Buldakov died of heart paralysis. He was buried in the cemetery of the city of Veliky Ustyug, near the church. A marble monument made in St. Petersburg, fenced with a diamond-shaped wooden lattice with a roof, was erected over the grave. The monument to the remarkable workmanship of one of the best craftsmen was a cube, at the top of which was a round column crowned with a crying woman. There was no such tombstone in the entire cemetery. But ... alas! The monument was destroyed and irretrievably lost. Only in the documents was the text of the inscription preserved: “Under this stone rests the body of the court councilor and gentleman Mikhail Matveyevich Buldakov. Born in 1768 on September 4 days. Died on April 28, 1830. "

Great Ustyug. Monument to M.M.Buldakov.
Reconstruction made according to the memoirs of N.M. Kudrin

This is a brief history of the life of a now almost forgotten person, an Ustyuzhan, a true patriot of his city, who worked tirelessly to increase the glory of Russia. It is no coincidence that he was elected a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences. This is a recognition of special merit. Without a special education, but thanks to his ability, hard work, perseverance, he independently studied many sciences, was very fond of books and had a rich library, which occupied a number of rooms in his Ustyug house.

According to the recollections of eyewitnesses, Mikhail Matveyevich was a modest man, he loved to do good to the poor, he always helped his fellow countrymen and left a good memory of himself among his colleagues and Ustyuzhans.

In 1837 M. Buldakov's son sold the estate, and together with the house the richest library passed into the possession of the merchant Gribanov, who was far from being a "bookish" man. An excellent library turned out to be of no use to anyone. In addition, after Gribanov's move to St. Petersburg, the house was empty. A little later the library was moved to Krasavino, to the Gribanov factory, where it could find a reader. She was there for many years. In November 1926, together with the archive of the Krasavinskaya Linen Mill, the library and part of Buldakov's archives were transferred to the Severo-Dvinsk Provincial Archive, and then to the Velikoustyug Museum of Local Lore. The books are in good condition, in good bindings, which once again proves the caring attitude of the first owner to them. Many have inscriptions testifying to their belonging to MM Buldakov. So, for example, "the book of Abbot Raynal" Philosophical and Political History of the Establishments and Commerce of Europeans in both Indies "was read by the Ustyug merchant and director of the Russian-American Company Mikhailo Buldakov".

Part of Buldakov's archive and, along with him, part of G. Shelikhov's archive somehow ended up in Vologda, where in 1934 they were accidentally discovered in the barn of one of the city's residential buildings and transferred to various archives of the Soviet Union. Now all documents are concentrated in the Archives of the Foreign Policy of the Russian Empire, in the department of the Russian-American Company. Although there are cases when documents are found in other archives. All of them are subject to careful study, because contradictions are often encountered, individual facts should be treated with great caution, clarifying and checking with other sources or evidence. Take, for example, the notes of the Decembrist V.I.Steingel, where the following is written about Natalya Alekseevna Shelikhova: “... ended her life unhappily, being driven to extremes by one of her admirers. This is always the end of vice ”4. But the results of research work carried out by some scientists in Moscow and St. Petersburg, the conclusions of Steingel are not confirmed.

Or else: a number of authors ascribe to M. Buldakov close relations with the Decembrists, based on the fact that the Decembrists - K.F. Ryleev, O. M. Somov, A.A. Bestuzhev and others, among whom a prominent place was occupied by K. F. Ryleev, who served in the Russian-American company as the ruler of the chancellery and was a member of its shareholders. It is also known that Bestuzhev, Ryleev, Zavalishin, Kyukhelbekers, Batenkov, Yakubovich, Sukhanov, Thorson and others gathered in the company's management house, in the living room of one of the directors - Prokofiev, on the third floor. In addition, they write that M. Buldakov allegedly gave them money free of charge, gave a loan to Ryleev in the amount of 10 thousand rubles, which angered the tsar, and on this basis he was removed from the post of director, which was the reason for his departure from St. Petersburg. There is a mention of the fact that Nicholas I, having learned about OM Somov's service in the company, remarked with obvious displeasure: “That’s a good company for you there”. In this regard, it should be said that such assumptions are doubtful, because, as you know, one of the directors of the Russian-American company, Ivan Vasilievich Prokofiev, who until 1822 worked as the manager of the Moscow office of the company, and then was elected director, burned all documents that mentioned the names of the Decembrists ... Of course, it is possible that M. Buldakov sympathized with the Decembrists and, possibly, helped with funds. To some extent, the reason for this is the fact that Ryleev's wife lived after her husband's execution in the company house. However, these are all assumptions. It should be remembered that on April 16, 1828, a year after his dismissal from the company, Buldakov was ranked among the nobility, which could not have happened with the slightest suspicion of close relations with the Decembrists. In addition, according to the tsar's decree of September 22, 1825, "merchants who received the orders of Vladimir 4th degree and Anna 2nd degree are approved in noble dignity and are included in the noble genealogy book" if they received orders before the mentioned decree. And we know that Buldakov was awarded the Order of Vladimir on August 3, 1806 for the first round the world expedition. That is, his assignment to the rank of nobility was carried out after the most thorough check carried out after the uprising of the Decembrists.

What is the fate of the Buldakov family?

The son of M. M. Buldakov, Nikolai Mikhailovich Buldakov, a graduate of Moscow University, was closely acquainted with the Pushkin family and with Delvig. For some time he lived in St. Petersburg, had the rank of actual state councilor, belonged to the nobility. After the death of his wife, he left Petersburg and from 1844 to 1849 was the governor of Simbirsk. On January 9, 1849 he died suddenly and was buried in Simbirsk in the Intercession Monastery. According to the recollections of his contemporaries, Nikolai Mikhailovich was a persistent, demanding, disinterested and good-natured person, he loved to get to the bottom of the truth. Apparently, it was not by chance that he came under the supervision of the gendarmerie and was already planned to be removed from the post of the governor. Perhaps this was the cause of death at the 47th year of life. Recall that the reason for leaving St. Petersburg was the death of the wife of Varvara Alexandrovna, nee Kokoshkina, a close relative of the Chief of Police.

From his first marriage, Nikolai Mikhailovich had a daughter, Varvara (1828-1882), married to Chernikov. Vasily Vasilyevich Chernikov (1821-1885) had a printing house on Moskovskaya Street, where, since 1874, I. N. Ulyanov published reports and other materials. This house has survived, and now there is a memorial plaque installed on the occasion of the 150th anniversary of the birth of I. N. Ulyanov. And another curious fact: after being appointed to the post of the governor of Simbirsk, N.M.Buldakov, already in Simbirsk, married the widow Anna Ivanovna Rodionova, who had a daughter from her first marriage, Anna Petrovna (1840-1878), who later married Nikolai Alexandrovich Yazykov, nephew of the poet Yazykov, one of the closest associates of I. N. Ulyanov and godfather of Dmitry Ilyich Ulyanov.

Children from N.M.Buldakov's second marriage: son Mikhail Nikolaevich was born on April 21, 1848, lived in Simbirsk, was a member of the provincial statistical committee. He died on June 7, 1892 in St. Petersburg and was buried in the St. Petersburg Novodevichy Convent. The second son, Nikolai Nikolaevich, was born in 1849, in 1878-1879 he was an honorary caretaker of the Simbirsk district school, he is well acquainted with I. N. Ulyanov, who recommended him for this position. Then he moved to St. Petersburg, was a friend of the St. Petersburg chief prosecutor. Official for special assignments at the Ministry of Justice, full state councilor. He died on July 20, 1906, and was buried in the Novodevichy Convent. In the family of Mikhail Matveyevich Buldakov, in addition to sons, there were four daughters, about whom the following can be briefly said:

EKATERINA - was born in 1801. Was the wife of Major General Rerberg.

LOVE - was born in 1805. She was married to the court councilor, landowner Ivan Merkling.

HOPE - born in 1807, died in 1856 in St. Petersburg. In 1826 she married Alexei Ivanovich Druzhinin, an honorary superintendent of the Ustyug district school, then lived in Vologda, in her husband's homeland. Sons of Nadezhda Mikhailovna: Kirill Alekseevich was a captain of the Guards; Nikolai Alekseevich had a daughter, Vera, who became the wife of the Vologda doctor Sergei Fedorovich Gortalov, brother of the hero of Plevna, Major Gortalov. The son of Sergei Fedorovich was a teacher at the Vologda Dairy Institute.

VERA - born in 1809, she was married to Colonel Butskovsky.

All four daughters had higher education, were brought up at the Catherine Institute of St. Petersburg.

These are some pages of the life of the Buldakovs' family, collected from various documents of many archives. Unfortunately, if the names of the Ustyuzhan people are immortalized in the names of streets, and some monuments have been erected, then the name of Mikhail Matveyevich Buldakov remains only in historical documents. Portraits of the Buldakov family (20 in number) are in the Ulyanovsk Art Museum, in the Korotkov Foundation.

In conclusion, I would like to tell readers about one of the most interesting monuments of the past - the Buldakovs' Ustyug estate. Having received a land allotment in 1804 on the outskirts of the city, M.M.Buldakov, by the end of 1806, had built a large two-story stone house with a mezzanine, on both sides of which two-story outbuildings were added a year later, to which there were stone buildings for various services: warehouses, greenhouse, greenhouse, fruit shed. The house was the largest in the city in terms of size. Its final finishing (plastering, painting) was done only by the fall of 1818 by the masters Alexei and Yegor Kusheversky. The author of the project is unknown, but with a high degree of certainty it can be assumed that this was one of the Petersburg architects who had experience in the design and construction of estates of this type. In addition to buildings, a large garden was laid out on the rest of the land, which had two lakes: one of them is small, located on the side of Ilyinskaya Street (now - Vinogradov Street), intended for swans, and the other - a large one, located on the side of Preobrazhenskaya Street (now - Red), was intended for boating. There were park benches around the lakes, and at the small lake there were two gazebos, one of which was two-story (towards Sovetsky Prospekt). Tea parties were held here, games were held, here the hosts and guests rested reading books. Both pavilions were demolished in 1922.

Earlier it was said about M. Buldakov's great love for his native city and his dream to make it prosperous and beautiful. The garden donated to the city began to be called public and retained this name until 1935 - more than 100 years! Yes, he still has not lost his attractiveness, although time has left far from the best imprint on him.

A few more lines about the history of the estate. After the death of the owner, it turned out to be unnecessary for the family, and was sold to I. Ya. Gribanov along with a library and an interesting collection of Japanese paintings. The fate of the library has already been told, and the collection of paintings has disappeared without a trace.

After the death of I. Ya. Gribanov, the house passed to his son, but the new owners almost constantly lived in St. Petersburg, and the house was empty. In 1899, the question of opening a male gymnasium in Veliky Ustyug began to be resolved. The empty house was acquired by the City Duma, and then officially transferred to the male gymnasium on May 23, 1901. The building was in excellent condition, but not suitable for an educational institution. It became necessary to rebuild it. To carry out the reconstruction project, they invited the architect V.N.Kuritsyn5, who was exiled in Ustyug. By January 15, 1902, the project was ready, a construction commission was created, and the work was handed over to the contractor P. A. Kondakov, who had good organizational skills. Despite the approved project, some changes were made during the work, and the completion of the reconstruction was delayed until 1910. During this time, the third floor was built up, the columns in the central part of the facade were removed, the balcony along the facade, and from the side of the courtyard, a three-story building was added, somewhat offset.

Thus, the building practically lost its original appearance, but it still remained one of the largest and best houses in the city, with an adjacent small but cozy garden, officially called the “gymnasium”.

A few years later, in 1918, the men's gymnasium was closed. The period of organization and formation of the Soviet school began, and from March 15, 1920 to September 1923, the school named after A.I. Herzen was located in the former Buldakovs' mansion. At the same time, since the end of 1919, the Institute of Public Education was located here, transformed from a women's teacher's seminary. Then, on the basis of the decision of the collegium of the North-Dvinsky provincial department of public education (gubono) on September 21, 1920, the Institute of Public Education was reorganized into the Pedagogical Faculty of the North-Dvinsky State University. After the closure of the university on September 1, 1921, the pedagogical faculty was transformed into the Practical Institute of Public Education, which was liquidated on July 30, 1921 in connection with the organization of a pedagogical college. From 1941 to 1944, the building housed the Pukhovichi Infantry Military School, after which the building was transferred to Petrozavodsk, the building was again transferred to the Pedagogical College, which was later transformed into the Velikoustyug Pedagogical School. From June 1949 to August 1955, the Veliky Ustyug Teachers' Institute, which trained teachers of the Russian language and literature, mathematics and physics for incomplete secondary schools, was located here, simultaneously with the pedagogical college. After the closure of the institute, the building is completely occupied by a pedagogical school, the authority and fame of which has stepped far beyond the boundaries of our city.

What happened to the rest of the estate?

In 1918, the gymnasium garden was run by a military organization and was called the "Summer Red Army Garden-Theater". Soon it was handed over to him. Then, at the end of 1918, a frame-type summer theater was built in the garden on the site of a former vegetable garden. In 1926-1928, the so-called "lotto club" functioned in the summer theater (then in the reading room). In 1927, near the summer theater, the Komsomol members of the city planted birches for a green foyer. These plantings have survived to this day. Both the garden and the summer theater with a green foyer have become a favorite resting place for Ustyuzhan people. On the stage of the summer theater in the 1920s-1930s, up to the Great Patriotic War, many famous collectives of famous theaters of the country performed. The Ustyuzhans owed this to an enthusiast, an expert on theatrical business, the theater director I. N. Simnansky, who later worked as the director of the Arkhangelsk Regional Drama Theater.

This is the history of the estate and the building - an architectural monument, on the wall of which there are three memorial plaques:

“Alexander Petrovich Shennikov, Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Honored Scientist of the RSFSR, studied here and graduated from the Velikoustyug Men's Gymnasium in 1907. 1888-1962 ".

- "Here in June 1918 the first meeting of the Severo-Dvinsky Provincial Executive Committee was held."

- "Here from 1941 to 1944 was the Pukhovichi Infantry Military School."

But ... there is no mention of Mikhail Matveyevich Buldakov, the great patriot of Great Ustyug, who did so much for its development, as well as for the glorification of Russia.

NOTES

1 Vologda diocesan statements. 1874. No. 24.

2 Kruzenshtern Ivan Fedorovich (1770-1846) - Admiral, Corresponding Member and Honorary Member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, head of the first Russian round-the-world expedition, one of the founders of the Russian Geographical Society, scientist hydrographer, author of round-the-world voyages projects and author of a three-volume edition of travels.

3 Lisyansky Yuri Fedorovich (1773-1837) - captain of the first rank, Russian navigator who sailed on ships of the British fleet in North America, West Indies, South Africa. During the first Russian round-the-world expedition, the commander of the Neva ship. Chevalier of the Order of St. George the Victorious. Author of a travel book.

4 Notes of V.I.Steingel // Memoirs of the Decembrists. Northern Society. M., 1981.S. 161.

5 V. N. Kuritsyn - architect, lived in Ustyug from 1900 to 1917. Constructed 11 of the best buildings in the city.

Senior Director of the Russian-American Company; genus. in Veliky Ustyug in 1766, d. On May 28, 1830 Buldakov came from the merchant class of Veliky Ustyug and in his youth did not receive a systematic education.

Having studied the beginnings of Russian literacy, Buldakov went to practice in trade in Irkutsk and Kyakhta. Savvy by nature, he soon got acquainted in detail with the commercial affairs of Siberia, and especially with relations with the Chinese in Kyakhta. GI Shelikhov, a well-known partner of the American company, fully appreciated Buldakov's trading abilities.

When Shelikhov died (July 20, 1795), and some private companies, taking advantage of this death, tried to undermine Shelikhov's affairs in the American islands, Shelikhov's widow turned to the assistance of Buldakov, who married her daughter.

Thanks to Buldakov, in 1797 the companies of Shelikhov and Golikov were merged with the companies of Irkutsk merchants; the act of this union was approved by the Highest in 1799, and the company was taken under the Highest patronage.

When the Irkutsk shareholders chose three directors from among their midst, the Sovereign Emperor expressed a desire for a member of the Shelikhov family to be among the directors, and on November 15, 1799 ordered Buldakov to be appointed to this place, and the latter was awarded the title of the leading director of the company and was awarded a sword ... In March of the following year, Buldakov received the rank of collegiate counselor.

Around the same time, by the Highest command, the headquarters of the Russian-American company was transferred to St. Petersburg, and here Buldakov continued his energetic activity.

In order to expand the company's trading operations, Buldakov in 1803 equipped the first round-the-world expedition.

The departure of this expedition made him personally known to the Emperor and brought him closer to the most famous state dignitaries.

Even before that, in April 1802, Buldakov was promoted to collegiate assessors, and upon his return from the expedition of the first ship, in August 1806, he was awarded the Order of St. Vladimir of the 4th degree.

Subsequently, with the assistance of Buldakov, the ships sailed around the world more than once ("Neva" in 1806, "Suvorov" in 1813, "Kutuzov" and "Suvorov" in 1816 and "Kutuzov" in 1820) ... Emperor Alexander repeatedly showed signs of his attention to Buldakov.

More than ten years before his death, Buldakov began to get sick often and, in order to improve his health, he went to his estate in Veliky Ustyug.

Therefore, he wanted to leave his position in the company, but, yielding to the requests of shareholders, remained for some time in this position.

When, at last, his health was completely weakened, he left business (March 1, 1827). Buldakov was a corresponding member of the Imperial Academy of Sciences. "Buldakov MM", an article by KT Khlebnikov in the Plyushar Dictionary. - Encyclopedic dictionaries: Tollya, Berezina, Kraya. - S. A. Vengerov, "Sources of the Dictionary of Russian Writers", I, St. Petersburg, 1900. V. G. (Polovtsov)

Buldakov Mikhail Matveevich (1766, Veliky Ustyug - 28.5.1830, St. Petersburg), Veliky Ustyug merchant, one of the initiators of the creation of Ross.-Amer. company, its leading director in 1799-1827.

He did not receive a systematic education. From childhood he was engaged in trade, at the end. 80-x XVIII settled in, was closely associated with GI Shelikhov, married to his daughter. After his death in 1795, he represented the interests of his heirs, acted as one of the main initiators of the merger of merchant companies into one, which was later named Ross.-Amer. When it was formed, it was elected to the composition of four directors with the name of the leading director. In this position, he showed himself as a skillful organizer and entrepreneur, contributed to the expansion of the territory controlled by the company and an increase in its income. To this end, he equipped several round-the-world expeditions, which became a noticeable milestone in the history of Rus. pestilence fleet. He enjoyed the favor of Alexander I, was awarded several orders, and was inducted into the nobility. He served as the first director of the company until 1827. In recent years, he was seriously ill, and often left for his estate near Veliky Ustyug. On March 1, 1827 he retired. B.'s activity on the development of new territories in America, the organization of round-the-world expeditions received recognition in scientific. circles. B. was elected Corresponding Member. Imperial Academy of Sciences.

Literature

1. Russian biographical dictionary. SPb., 1908. T. 3: Betancourt - Byakster;
2. Sitnikov L.A. Grigory. Irkutsk, 1990;
3. Mezhov V.I.Siberian bibliography. SPb. T. 1, 2.